Class 12 Physics simulations · Atoms

Bohr orbits and electron waves

Choose the orbit n and nuclear charge Z. Exactly n de Broglie wavelengths fit around each allowed orbit.

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What to notice

Higher orbits are larger and slower; the electron’s standing wave closes on itself only for whole-number n.

Key relation

rₙ = 0.0529 n²/Z nm ; vₙ = 2.19 × 10⁶ Z/n m/s ; 2πr = nλ

Try this

Compare n = 1 in hydrogen with n = 1 in He⁺ (Z = 2).

What you can change

• Principal quantum number n: 1 to 6
• Nuclear charge Z: 1 to 5

More in Atoms

• Bohr’s atomic model
• Hydrogen energy-level ladder
• Spectral lines of hydrogen-like ions
• Hydrogen emission spectrum
• Rutherford alpha scattering

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