Class 11 Chemistry simulations · Equilibrium

pH of acids and bases

Choose an acid or base and its concentration; see the pH, the indicator colour and the ions in solution.

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What to notice

A tenfold dilution of a strong acid raises pH by one unit; a weak acid at the same concentration has a higher pH.

Key relation

pH = −log[H₃O⁺] ; weak acid: [H₃O⁺] ≈ √(K_a c) ; pH + pOH = 14 (298 K)

Try this

Compare 0.1 M HCl with 0.1 M acetic acid.

What you can change

• Solute: choose Hydrochloric acid (strong), Acetic acid (weak, Kₐ 1.8×10⁻⁵), Sodium hydroxide (strong base), Ammonia (weak base, K_b 1.8×10⁻⁵)
• Concentration (log₁₀ M): -6 to 0

More in Equilibrium

• Buffer solutions (Henderson equation)
• Le Chatelier’s principle (Haber process)
• Solubility product and common ion effect

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