Class 12 Botany simulations · Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel’s monohybrid cross

Cross pea plants for height using a Punnett square, then grow a field of offspring to see chance at work.

Open the simulation

What to notice

Dwarfness (t) disappears in F₁ but reappears in F₂ — the recessive factor is not lost, only masked.

Key relation

Tt × Tt → 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt (genotypes) ; 3 tall : 1 dwarf

Try this

Increase the number of offspring and watch the observed ratio approach 3 : 1.

What you can change

• Parent 1: choose TT (pure tall), Tt (hybrid tall), tt (dwarf)
• Parent 2: choose TT (pure tall), Tt (hybrid tall), tt (dwarf)
• Offspring grown: 4 to 200
• Sample number: 1 to 20

More in Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Dihybrid cross: independent assortment
• Incomplete dominance and co-dominance
• Sex determination and X-linked traits

See all Class 12 Botany simulations or every Physica simulation.