Class 12 Botany simulations · Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Sex determination and X-linked traits

Pick parents for an X-linked recessive trait (haemophilia or colour blindness) and see the chances for sons and daughters.

Open the simulation

What to notice

A carrier mother passes the allele to half her sons (affected) and half her daughters (carriers).

Key relation

XX × XY → ½ daughters, ½ sons ; sons get their X from the mother

Try this

What happens with a normal mother and an affected father?

What you can change

• Mother: choose Normal (XX), Carrier (XXᶜ), Affected (XᶜXᶜ)
• Father: choose Normal (XY), Affected (XᶜY)
• Trait: choose Haemophilia, Colour blindness

More in Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Dihybrid cross: independent assortment
• Incomplete dominance and co-dominance
• Mendel’s monohybrid cross

See all Class 12 Botany simulations or every Physica simulation.