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Class 11 Botany simulations

32 free interactive Class 11 Botany simulations covering 10 NCERT chapters, including Plant Kingdom, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Biological Classification. Change the variables, watch the result, and learn for school exams, JEE Main and NEET.

Open the Physica lab

Plant Kingdom (3 simulations)

• Green, brown and red algae — Compare the three classes of algae by pigments, stored food, cell wall and flagella (NCERT Table 3.1).
• Alternation of generations — Follow plant life cycles round the loop of haploid (n) and diploid (2n) phases. Compare which phase dominates.
• From algae to flowering plants — Step through the five plant groups and see how vascular tissue, seeds and the dominant generation change.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants (3 simulations)

• Secondary growth and annual rings — Let a dicot tree grow year by year. Cambium adds wide spring wood and narrow, dense autumn wood each year.
• Dicot vs monocot stem — Compare transverse sections of dicot and monocot stems: arrangement and type of vascular bundles.
• Stomata: guard cells at work — Change the turgor of the guard cells and watch the stomatal pore open and close.

Biological Classification (3 simulations)

• Bacterial shapes and binary fission — Choose a bacterial shape and watch a colony multiply by binary fission. Each generation doubles the number…
• Bacteriophage: the lytic cycle — A bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) attaches, injects its DNA, multiplies and bursts the cell.
• Whittaker’s five kingdoms — Compare the five kingdoms on cell type, cell wall, nuclear membrane, body organisation and nutrition (NCERT…

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants (4 simulations)

• C₃ vs C₄ plants and photorespiration — Compare a C₃ leaf with the Kranz anatomy of a C₄ leaf, and see how temperature affects their photosynthesis.
• Calvin cycle bookkeeping — Turn the Calvin cycle once per CO₂ fixed and keep count of the ATP and NADPH used.
• Light reaction: the Z scheme — Follow electrons from water through PS II and PS I to NADP⁺ in the thylakoid membrane, and protons through…
• Limiting factors of photosynthesis — Count oxygen bubbles from an aquatic plant (like Hydrilla) as you change light, CO₂ and temperature.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division (3 simulations)

• The cell cycle clock — Move round a 24-hour human cell cycle: G₁, S, G₂ and M phase. Watch the DNA content double during S phase.
• Meiosis and crossing over — Follow one diploid cell through meiosis I and II to four haploid cells. Watch crossing over swap segments.
• Mitosis, stage by stage — Watch the chromosomes of an animal cell condense, line up, separate and form two identical nuclei.

Cell: The Unit of Life (4 simulations)

• Cell explorer — Fly around an animal or plant cell and highlight each organelle to learn its structure and job.
• How big are cells? — Compare the smallest cells (Mycoplasma), bacteria and a human red blood cell, drawn to the same scale.
• Fluid mosaic model of the membrane — Zoom into the plasma membrane: a lipid bilayer with proteins floating in it. Warm it up and watch the lipids…
• Why cells are small: surface area to volume — Split a large cube into many smaller cubes of the same total volume and compare the surface available for…

The Living World (2 simulations)

• Using a taxonomic key — Answer a chain of paired, contrasting questions (couplets) to identify one of six animals.
• Taxonomic hierarchy — Climb the ladder of taxonomic categories for a human, a housefly, mango and wheat (NCERT Table 1.1).

Respiration in Plants (3 simulations)

• Electron transport and ATP synthase — Inside the mitochondrion, electrons flow along the inner membrane and pump protons; ATP synthase uses the…
• ATP balance sheet of respiration — Break down glucose aerobically or by fermentation and add up the ATP made at each stage.
• Respiratory quotient (RQ) — Respire different substrates in a respirometer and compare the CO₂ released with the O₂ consumed.

Morphology of Flowering Plants (4 simulations)

• Floral formulae of three families — Build typical flowers of Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae and read their floral formulae.
• Position of the ovary on the thalamus — Cut a flower lengthwise. See where sepals, petals and stamens attach relative to the ovary, and choose its…
• Phyllotaxy: arrangement of leaves — Grow a shoot and choose how leaves are arranged at its nodes: alternate, opposite or whorled.
• Root systems — Grow the three kinds of root system in a cut-away soil block.

Plant Growth and Development (3 simulations)

• Arithmetic, geometric and sigmoid growth — Grow a root by arithmetic growth or a cell population by geometric growth, and see the S-shaped curve when…
• Photoperiodism and flowering — Set the day length and see whether a short-day, long-day or day-neutral plant flowers.
• Phototropism and auxin — Shine light from one side on a coleoptile. Auxin moves to the shaded side, cells there elongate more, and…