PHYSICAClass 12 Physics simulations · Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Lens maker’s formula
Shape a lens by choosing its surface radii and glass, then immerse it in another medium.
What to notice
A glass lens in water is much weaker; in a denser liquid a converging lens can even diverge.
Key relation
1/f = (n_lens/n_medium − 1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂)
Try this
Put an n = 1.5 lens into a medium with n = 1.6.
What you can change
- Lens index: 1.3 to 1.9
- First surface R₁: 5 to 50 cm
- Second surface R₂ (magnitude): 5 to 50 cm
- Surrounding medium index: 1 to 1.7
More in Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Real and apparent depth
- Astronomical telescope
- Compound microscope
- Image in a concave mirror
- Two thin lenses in contact
- Image through a convex lens
- Images in two inclined mirrors
- Guiding light in an optical fibre
- Prism: angle of minimum deviation
- Dispersion through a prism
- Refraction and total internal reflection
- Spherical mirrors: ray diagram
- Total internal reflection
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